Effect of Relative Stiffness of Pile and Soil on Pile Group Effect

Pile groups are designed to sustain complex loads in various engineering. During the design of a pile group, obvious group effect should be considered for closely spaced groups. However, by different scholars varies, which makes it hard engineers consider group. In this study, finite element (FE) method is proposed advance our understanding variations effects developed researchers, based on concept soil–pile relative stiffness. The relationship between stiffness and normalized lateral load–displacement curves bending moment profile response investigated. results show that increases with increase stiffness; decrease spacing, number piles significantly affected arrangement as well.